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1.
Medisan ; 27(5)oct. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1528998

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Una nutrición adecuada es clave para desarrollar inmunidad, protección contra las enfermedades e infecciones, y apoyar la recuperación. Objetivo: Identificar las características del consumo de alimentos y la cultura alimentaria en convalecientes de COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, desde mayo hasta diciembre del 2020, de 67 pacientes mayores de 20 años de edad convalecientes de la COVID-19, con resultados negativos en la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa durante un mes, quienes pertenecían a un área de salud de La Habana. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, dietéticas y de estado nutricional. Resultados: La enfermedad se presentó con mayor frecuencia en el sexo masculino (59,7 %) y el grupo etario de 20 a 39 años (47,8 %). Se identificó un alto porcentaje de sobrepeso global (59,7) y los alimentos de mayor consumo y preferencia fueron los energéticos en el horario de la tarde-noche (89,6 %), así como aquellos productos fritos y la piel de aves (38,8 %). La ingestión de vegetales y frutas resultó escasa (29,9 y 40,3 %, respectivamente) y la alimentación, poco variada (86,4 %), pues no consumían diariamente alimentos de los 7 grupos básicos, aunque la mayoría (70,0 %) realizaba las 3 comidas principales del día. Conclusiones: Los sujetos estudiados poseían una cultura alimentaria deficiente expresada por conocimientos escasos o errados, lo que advierte sobre la necesidad de disponer de un instrumento educativo para la adopción de actitudes y prácticas alimentarias saludables que conduzcan a la restauración de la inmunidad.


Introduction: An appropriate nutrition is the key to develop immunity, protection against diseases and infections, and support the recovery. Objective: To identify the characteristics of foods consumption and alimentary culture in COVID-19 convalescent persons. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, from May to December 2020, of 67 patients over 20 years convalescent from COVID-19, with negative results in the polymerase chain reaction test for a month, who belonged to a health area of Havana city. Some sociodemographic, dietary and nutritional state variables were analyzed. Results: The disease was presented more frequently in male sex (59.7%) and the 20 to 39 age group (47-8%). A high percentage of general overweight was identified (59.7), and the most consumed and preferred foods were the energy-giving in the afternoon-night time (89.6%), as well as those fried products and poultry skin (38.8%). The consumption of vegetables and fruits was low (29.9 and 40.3%, respectively) and there was a poor variety in the diet (86.4%), since they didn't consume foods from the 7 basic groups daily, although most of them (70.0%) had 3 meals a day. Conclusions: The studied individuals possessed a poor alimentary culture expressed by limited or wrong knowledge, what is a warning about the necessity of having an educational instrument for the adoption of attitudes and healthy alimentary habits leading to the restoration of immunity.


Subject(s)
Eating , Feeding Behavior
2.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(1): 27-33, ene.-feb. 2020. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249866

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El food craving o “ansia por comer” es una respuesta motivacional y fisiológica por comer alimentos específicos, principalmente con alto contenido calórico. Para evaluarlo se usa, entre otros, el Food Craving Questionnaire Trait, estructurado multidimensionalmente y validado en diversos países, el cual ha mostrado ser sensible y adaptable a los cambios contextuales-culturales. Objetivos: Validar y estandarizar el Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait en adultos de la Ciudad de México. Método: Estudio no experimental, transversal y aleatorizado de 1059 sujetos de uno y otro sexo, entre 18 y 84 años; 71.86 % del sexo femenino. Se examinaron propiedades psicométricas con análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. Resultados: Se redujeron los factores del cuestionario y los ítems se reorganizaron de forma diferente al original. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró ajuste adecuado y estandarización aceptable de los factores. Se encontró alta consistencia interna para el cuestionario global (a = 0.973 y rho = 0.975) para cada uno de los factores. Conclusión: Este estudio determina la viabilidad del Food Craving Questionnaire para población de la Ciudad de México.


Abstract Introduction: Food craving is a motivational and physiological response for eating specific foods, mainly with high caloric content. To assess food craving, self-reports, inventories and questionnaires are used. The Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait is multi-dimensionally structured and has been validated in several countries, since it is sensitive and adaptable to contextual-cultural changes. Objectives: To validate and standardize the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait in adults of Mexico City. Method: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, randomized study of 1059 subjects of both genders, between 18 and 84 years of age; 71.86 % of the female gender. Psychometric properties were examined with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: The domains of the questionnaire were reduced and the items were reorganized differently from the original version. The confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit and acceptable standardization of factors. High internal consistency was found for the global questionnaire (a = 0.973 and rho = 0.975) for each one of the domains. Conclusion: This study determines the viability of the Food Cravings Questionnaire for the population of Mexico City.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Appetite/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Craving/physiology , Food , Psychometrics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Emotions , Feeding Behavior , Anticipation, Psychological , Guilt , Impulsive Behavior/physiology , Mexico
3.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 35(2): e1973, abr.-jun. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1149877

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La buena salud depende de factores como la nutrición, determinante para garantizar un adecuado estado físico, mental y académico, aspectos indispensables para el desarrollo individual y social de cualquier persona. Objetivo: Caracterizar los hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de los preescolares de un centro de educación inicial. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal correlacionar, en un centro de educación inicial en Santa Elena, Ecuador, durante 2016. Universo constituido por 125 binomios padres-escolares, entre tres y cinco años. Se utilizó el método observacional y encuesta, las variables estudiadas fueron edad, hábitos alimentarios, nivel de instrucción, adquisición de alimentos, peso, talla. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó el software IBM-SPSS-Statistics-21.0; en el descriptivo se utilizaron promedios, media, moda, desviación estándar, valores máximos y mínimos. Para la comparación entre los grupos, se utilizó prueba de Anova de muestras independientes y Χ2, considerando significativo p < 0,05. Para comparar el estado nutricional se analizó la concordancia e índice Kappa, considerándose una buena concordancia un valor ≥ 0,80. Resultados: En cuanto a los padres: 53,60 pòr ciento eran jóvenes, 32,00 por ciento entre 21 a 25 años de edad, 85,00 por ciento con nivel de instrucción medio, 26,40 por ciento con dificultad para adquirir alimentos. El estado nutricional en los niños fue deficiente, debido al consumo de proteínas de alto valor biológico (3,97 por ciento) y 8,32 por ciento, 7,94 por ciento y 4,70 por ciento demostraron alto consumo en alimentos de baja calidad nutricional. Conclusiones: Los hábitos alimentarios de los preescolares se caracterizaron por una alimentación hiperglucídica e hipoproteica, alta en sodio, deficiente en hierro y zinc, evidenciando baja calidad nutricional en los alimentos consumidos(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: Good health depends on factors such as nutrition, a determinant to guarantee proper physical, mental and academic state, essential aspects for the individual and social development of any person. Objective: To characterize the eating habits and nutritional status of preschoolers in an initial education center. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, correlation study carried out in an initial education center in Santa Elena, Ecuador, during 2016. The study population consisted of 125 parent-schoolchild binomials, the school children aged between three and five years. The observational method and the survey were used. The variables studied wereage, eating habits, school level, food acquisition, weight, height. The software IBM-SPSS-Statistics-21.0 was used for data analysis. The results were expressed in average, median, mode, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values. For the comparison between the groups, the Anova test of independent samples and the chi-square test were used, considering p bellow 0.05 significant. To compare the nutritional status, the concordance and Kappa index were analyzed, considering a good value as being higher or equal than 0.80. Results: As for the parents, 53.60 percent were young; of them, 32 percent were between 21 and 25 years old, 85 percent had completed the average education level, and 26.40 percent expressed difficulties in acquiring food. The nutritional status in children was poor, due to the consumption of proteins of high biological value (red meat, 3.97 percent) and foods of poor nutritional quality such as soft drinks (8.32 percent), sweets (7.94 percent) and snacks (4.71 percent). Conclusions: The preschooler's eating habits were characterized by a hyperglycidic and hypoproteic diet, high in sodium, deficient in iron and zinc, which shows low nutritional quality in the food consumed(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Schools , Nutritional Status/physiology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Nutritive Value , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Analysis
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